基于zigbee的家居照明系统研究

本文阐述了Zigbee这种新兴的技术,并结合μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统实现家具照明系统的研究。     

Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24/O Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates Superoxide Anion,Thromboxane B2, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Cytokine and Chemokine Release by Rat Brain Microglia in Vitro

Although human exposure to Gram-negative Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to result in septic shock, its impact on the central nervous system’s innate immunity remains undetermined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether V. vulnificus MO6-24/O LPS might activate rat microglia in vitro and stimulate the release of superoxide anion (O₂⁻), a reactive oxygen species known to cause oxidative stress and neuronal injury in vivo. Brain microglia were isolated from neonatal rats, and then treated with either V. vulnificus MO6-24/O LPS or Escherichia coli O26:B6 LPS for 17 hours in vitro. O₂⁻ was determined by cytochrome C reduction, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 by gelatinase zymography. Generation of cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-6, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α)/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), MIP-2/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-2alpha/beta (CINC-2α/β)/CXCL3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were determined by specific immunoassays. Priming of rat microglia by V. vulnificus MO6-24/O LPS in vitro yielded a bell-shaped dose-response curve for PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate)-stimulated O₂⁻ generation: (1) 0.1–1 ng/mL V. vulnificus LPS enhanced O₂⁻ generation significantly but with limited inflammatory mediator generation; (2) 10–100 ng/mL V. vulnificus LPS maximized O₂⁻ generation with concomitant release of thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and several cytokines and chemokines; (3) 1000–100,000 ng/mL V. vulnificus LPS, with the exception of TXB₂, yielded both attenuated O₂⁻ production, and a progressive decrease in MMP-9, cytokines and chemokines investigated. Thus concentration-dependent treatment of neonatal brain microglia with V. vulnificus MO6-24/O LPS resulted in a significant rise in O₂⁻ production, followed by a progressive decrease in O₂⁻ release, with concomitant release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and generation of TXB₂, MMP-9, cytokines and chemokines. We hypothesize that the inflammatory mediators investigated may be cytotoxic to microglia in vitro, by an as yet undetermined autocrine mechanism. Although V. vulnificus LPS was less potent than E. coli LPS in vitro, inflammatory mediator release by the former was clearly more efficacious. Finally, we hypothesize that should V. vulnificus LPS gain entry into the CNS, it would be possible that microglia might become activated, resulting in high levels of O₂⁻ as well as neuroinflammatory TXB₂, MMP-9, cytokines and chemokines.     

基于CC2530的无线传感器网络网关节点的设计

【目的】针对现有农业环境监测网关设备开发成本高、系统功耗大、操作复杂等不足,设计开发一种用于农业环境监测的无线传感器网络网关节点。【方法】网关节点以低功耗芯片CC2530为核心处理单元,通过外围状态指示电路、电源管理模块等,完成ZigBee网络组网和监测节点数据收集及处理功能;同时通过串口方式连接SIM900A模块,采用GPRS方式将监测数据上传至中心服务器。最后在农田进行了监测数据误包率与信号接收强度测试,并通过实地部署试验验证了系统的稳定性及可靠性。【结果】所设计的网关节点能实现4种农业环境数据的采集,节点间距小于120m时数据传输误包率低于1%,监测数据在30d农田试验期内连续变化,可长时间上传至服务器,且稳定性、可靠性良好。【结论】所设计开发的基于CC2530的网关节点具有丢包率低、运行稳定可靠的特点,能够满足多种农田环境因子的监测需求,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于CC2530的实时环境监测系统设计

针对现代工农业生产中实时采集环境数据的需求,提出了一种基于CC2530的ZigBee无线环境数据监测方案。构建了环境监测系统的总体结构,采用低功耗芯片CC2530设计了无线传感器监测节点和协调器节点,给出了节点软件系统设计流程图和监测工作站的上位机软件设计方案。测试结果表明,系统具有良好的人机交互操作界面,可以实时监测、查询被测点的环境数据。系统具有成本低、可拓展性强、安装方便等特点,有良好的应用前景。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染猪皮肤源树突状细胞炎性反应能力的变化

用PCV2 B1株经鼻腔接种40日龄SPF仔猪,于接种后3、7、14 d宰杀,收集皮肤源树突状细胞(DC).利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对感染仔猪皮肤源DC的IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-α、IL-8、趋化因子受体1(CCR1)、CCR5在mRNA转录水平的变化进行定量分析.结果表明,IFN-α在接种后3 d(3DPI)显著下调(P＜0.05),TNF-α、IL-10在7DPI时显著上调(P＜0.05);趋化因子IL-8在3、7、14 DPI时均下调,差异接近显著;MCP-1在感染后3、14DPI下调,7DPI均上调,但不显著;MIP-1β在3、7DPI明显上调,14DPI恢复正常;趋化因子受体CCR1、CCR5在3、7和14DPI均上调,且7DPI显著上调(P＜0.05).以上结果表明PCV2在感染早期可抑制DC炎性反应的能力,免疫应答失调,影响了动物机体的细胞和体液免疫功能的发挥.     

Development and application of a model for robust, cost-effective investment in natural capital and ecosystem services

Identifying good investments in environmental management is complex as several prioritization strategies may be used and significant uncertainty often surrounds cost, benefits, and agency budgets. In this paper I developed a model for robust portfolio selection based on preference programming to support cost-effective environmental investment decisions under uncertainty and applied it to the South Australian Murray-Darling Basin. Benefits and costs of 46 investment alternatives (called targets) for managing natural capital and ecosystem services were quantified and the associated uncertainty estimated. Thirty-six investment portfolios were selected using mathematical programming under four investment prioritization strategies (cost-effectiveness (E-max), cost-effectiveness including a suite of pre-committed (or core) costs (E-max^∗), cost-only (C-rank), and benefit-only (B-rank)), three decision rules (pessimistic, most likely, and optimistic), and three budget scenarios (minimum, most likely, maximum). Compared to the optimally performing investment strategy E-max, the E-max^∗ and C-rank strategies only slightly reduced portfolio performance and altered portfolio composition. However, the B-rank strategy reduced performance by half and radically changed composition. Uncertainty in costs, benefits, and available budgets also strongly influenced portfolio performance and composition. I conclude that in this case study the consideration of uncertainty was at least as important as investment strategy in effective environmental decision-making. Targets whose selection was less sensitive to uncertainty were identified as more robust investments. The results have informed the allocation of AU$69 million in the study area and the techniques are readily adaptable to similar conservation and environmental investment decisions in other areas at a variety of scales.     

CC及ACQ-B防腐剂处理木材的抗流失试验

对于氨溶性季铵铜ACQ-B处理的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)及尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)试材，在吸药量为3.0～6．0kg／m^2时，按标准AWPA M11-87测定的流失率小于2.50％。比较ACQ—B与CC两种处理材，当吸药量(以CuO计)相当时，CC的流失率较ACQ—B大。ACQ—B可用于与地接触的人工林木材处理，如农用材或建材。     

化学趋化因子与家畜疾病

在人类和小鼠，已经发现并确定了50余种化学趋化因子和20余种化学趋化因子受体，而在兽医领域中，已经发现并确定的化学趋化因子及其受体数量较少。化学趋化因子及其受体不仅在机体T、B淋巴细胞发育、成熟、归巢以及免疫反应中起着重要作用，还在炎症反应中与炎症细胞浸润到组织损伤部位过程中起着关键性的作用。化学趋化因子及其受体还与许多家畜疾病的发生、发展密切相关。作者还介绍了动物病毒模仿编码的化学趋化因子或化学趋化因子结合蛋白及可能的生物学功能并讨论了化学趋化因子及其受体研究在兽医领域的发展前景。     

玉米籽粒生长特性与籽粒大小的关系及其遗传研究

本文以八个玉米自交系按双列式组配的28个组合为供试材料,通过通径分析和遗传参数的估算,结果表明:粒重主要决定于灌浆速率,籽粒体积主要取决于建成速率。灌浆速率与建成速率的高度一致性可能是粒重与籽粒体积高度相关的主要原因。灌浆速率、建成速率和籽粒体积的变异绝大部分是加性变异。灌浆期和建成期的变异则主要是播期或配合力与播期互作所致。粒重的变异主要是加性变异,但也在一定程度上受播期的影响。平均灌浆速率、有效灌浆速率和籽粒体积与粒重的相关遗传进度约等于粒重的遗传进度。本文对上述结果在玉米大粒型高产育种栽培中的应用问题进行了讨论。